Table5. Major symptoms

Major Symptoms	Differential diseases to consider
Fever	Meningitis, acute sinusitis, tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infection, influenza (flu), pneumonia, tuberculosis, infective endocarditis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, drug-induced fever	Associate with class Copy id
General malaise	Hypothyroidism, tuberculosis, heart failure, hepatitis, iron deficiency anemia, depression	Associate with class Copy id
Anorexia	Peptic ulcers, acute hepatitis, acute adrenal insufficiency, depression	Associate with class Copy id
Weight loss	Hyperthyroidism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignant tumors, diabetes mellitus, anorexia nervosa, depression	Associate with class Copy id
Weight gain	Hypothyroidism, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome	Associate with class Copy id
Altered mental status	Cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, intracranial hematoma, encephalitis, epilepsy, subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, myocardial infarction, acute aortic dissection, acute gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis, drug intoxication, alcoholic intoxication, carbon dioxide (CO2) narcosis, hypoglycemia, abnormal sodium metabolism, shock	Associate with class Copy id
Syncope	Epilepsy, pulmonary embolism, arrhythmia, valvular disease (aortic valve disease)	Associate with class Copy id
Seizure	Cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, encephalitis, encephalopathy, febrile convulsions, epilepsy	Associate with class Copy id
Vertigo and dizziness	Cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuronitis	Associate with class Copy id
Edema	Hypothyroidism, heart failure, cirrhosis of liver, nephrotic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, drug-induced edema, deep vein thrombosis, lymphedema, angioedema	Associate with class Copy id
Rash	Viral exanthem (measles, rubella, chicken pox, herpes simplex virus), shingles, erythema infectiosum, drug related-rash, urticaria, dermatitis (atopic dermatitis), erythema nodosum, eczema	Associate with class Copy id
Cough and sputum production	Sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection, common cold, whooping cough, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer, interstitial lung disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), drug-induced cough	Associate with class Copy id
Blood in sputum and hemoptysis	Bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer	Associate with class Copy id
Dyspnea	Acute epiglottitis, asphyxia, bronchial asthma, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary tuberculosis, tension pneumothorax, spontaneous pneumothorax, heart failure, anaphylaxis	Associate with class Copy id
Chest pain	Pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pleurisy, acute coronary syndrome, acute pericarditis, acute aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm rupture, shingles, panic disorder	Associate with class Copy id
Palpitations	Hyperthyroidism, arrhythmia, iron deficiency anemia, secondary anemia, panic disorder, anxiety disorder	Associate with class Copy id
Dysphagia	Cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, tonsillitis, esophageal cancer	Associate with class Copy id
Abdominal pain	Peptic ulcers, functional dyspepsia (FD), acute gastroenteritis, acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, ischemic colitis, mesenteric artery embolism, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, generalized peritonitis, inguinal hernia, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute pancreatitis, acute coronary syndrome, acute aortic dissection, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, premature birth, ovarian cyst (torsion), ovarian cancer (torsion), urinary stone disease, diabetic ketoacidosis	Associate with class Copy id
Nausea and vomiting	Cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hematoma, meningitis, migraine, acute gastroenteritis, acute appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, food poisoning, acute myocardial infarction, pregnancy, diabetic ketoacidosis, abnormal calcium metabolism	Associate with class Copy id
Hematemesis	Esophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, gastric cancer, peptic ulcers	Associate with class Copy id
Melena	Peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic colitis, diverticular hemorrhage, colorectal cancer, hemorrhoids, anal fissure	Associate with class Copy id
Constipation	Parkinson’s disease, hypothyroidism, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal obstruction, colorectal cancer, drug-induced constipation	Associate with class Copy id
Diarrhea	Hyperthyroidism, acute gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, drug-induced diarrhea	Associate with class Copy id
Jaundice	Acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer, cholangitis, bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, hemolytic anemia, drug-induced jaundice, physiologic jaundice	Associate with class Copy id
Abdominal distention and abdominal mass	Cirrhosis of liver, intestinal obstruction, inguinal hernia, pregnancy	Associate with class Copy id
Lymphadenopathy	Tonsillitis, viral rash (rubella), tuberculosis, infectious mononucleosis, malignant lymphoma, other malignant tumors	Associate with class Copy id
Abnormal urine output/urination	Urinary tract infections, prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, neurogenic bladder, drug-induced, diabetes mellitus	Associate with class Copy id
Hematuria	Glomerulonephritis syndrome, renal cell carcinoma, urinary stone disease, urinary tract infections, bladder cancer	Associate with class Copy id
Menstrual abnormality	Dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, uterine cancer, pregnancy, drug-induced menstrual irregularities, menopausal and female climacteric states	Associate with class Copy id
Anxiety/depression	Dementia, Parkinson’s disease, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism malignancy, drug-induced, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders	Associate with class Copy id
Cognitive dysfunction	Dementia, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral infarction, normal pressure hydrocephalus, chronic subdural hematoma, hypothyroidism, drug-induced, depression	Associate with class Copy id
Headache	Migraine, tension headache, cluster headache, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, glaucoma, acute sinusitis, giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis), drug-induced headache	Associate with class Copy id
Skeletal muscle paralysis/muscle weakness	Cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack, cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial hematoma, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, herniated intervertebral disc, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, abnormal potassium metabolism	Associate with class Copy id
Gait disturbance	Cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial hematoma, cerebral infarction, Parkinson’s disease, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis, herniated intervertebral disc, osteoarthritis, bone fracture	Associate with class Copy id
Sensory disturbance	Spinal stenosis, herniated intervertebral disc, polyneuritis, diabetes mellitus	Associate with class Copy id
Back pain	Acute aortic dissection, acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, urinary stone disease, herniated intervertebral disc, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis, vertebral fracture, acute low back pain, pyogenic spondylitis	Associate with class Copy id
Arthralgia/joint swelling	Pyogenic arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), reactive arthritis, gout, pseudogout, trauma	Associate with class Copy id