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Table2-15. Ear, nose, throat, and oral cavity

ClassificationItems
Structure and functionStructure of the outer, middle, and inner ear
Structure and functionMechanisms and nerve conduction pathways for auditory and balance senses
Structure and functionStructure of the oral and nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx
Structure and functionFunction and innervation of the larynx
Structure and functionEquilibrium mechanisms related to eye movement and postural control
Structure and functionMechanisms and nerve conduction pathways for taste and olfactory senses
SymptomsVertigo and dizziness
SymptomsDysphagia
SymptomsAirway stenosis
SymptomsHearing loss
SymptomsEpistaxis
SymptomsSore throat
SymptomsTrismus
SymptomsHoarseness (recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis)
SymptomsTinnitus
SymptomsNasal obstruction
SymptomsRhinorrhea
SymptomsDysosmia
SymptomsSnoring
SymptomsDysgeusia
SymptomsAbnormal salivation
SymptomsOral cavity abnormalities
Methods of examinationAudiometry and balance function testing
Methods of examinationTaste and olfactory evaluation tests
Methods of examinationOtoscopy, rhinoscopy, laryngoscopy, nasopharynx endoscopy
Specific therapiesHearing aids and artificial hearing devices
Specific therapiesTracheostomy