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Table2-7. Digestive system

ClassificationItems
Structure and functionLocation and morphology of each digestive organ and related blood vessels
Structure and functionRelationship between peritoneum and organs
Structure and functionBasic structure of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
Structure and functionMechanism of gastrointestinal motility
Structure and functionAction of the autonomic nervous system on the digestive organs
Structure and functionStructure and function of the liver
Structure and functionAction and secretory mechanism of gastric juice
Structure and functionAction of bile and regulatory mechanisms of gallbladder contraction
Structure and functionPancreatic exocrine system and action of pancreatic juice
Structure and functionMechanism of digestion and absorption in the small intestine
Structure and functionMechanism of fecal formation and defecation in the large intestine
Structure and functionActions of main gastrointestinal hormones
Structure and functionStructure and function of the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands
Structure and functionMechanisms of chewing and swallowing
Structure and functionRoles of normal bacterial flora of the digestive tract (intestinal bacterial flora)
SymptomsAnorexia
SymptomsAbdominal pain
SymptomsNausea and vomiting
SymptomsHematemesis
SymptomsMelena
SymptomsConstipation
SymptomsDiarrhea
SymptomsJaundice
SymptomsAbdominal distention and abdominal mass
SymptomsHeartburn
SymptomsHepatomegaly
Methods of examinationHepatitis virus screening
Methods of examinationTumor markers (AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, PIVKA-II, etc.)
Methods of examinationDiagnostic imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI)
Methods of examinationEndoscopy
Methods of examinationBiopsy, cytology
Specific therapiesTube and enteral nutrition
Specific therapiesEndoscopic treatments (hemostasis, coagulation, clipping, sclerotherapy, etc.)
Specific therapiesEndovascular procedures (arterial embolization, etc.)