Composition of the central and peripheral nervous system
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Structure and function
Arterial and venous anatomy of the brain and blood-brain barrier
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Characteristics of energy metabolism in the brain
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Major neurotransmitters of the brain (acetylcholine, dopamine, and noradrenaline) and their actions
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Structure and function
Structure of the meningeal and ventricular system and production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
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Structure, functional localization, and conduction pathways of the spinal cord
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Structure and function
Spinal reflexes (extension reflex, and the flexor reflex) and reciprocal innervation of muscles
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Structure and function
Structure of spinal nerves and nerve plexuses (cervical, branchial, and lumbosacral) and nerve distribution to major skeletal muscles and distribution of dermatomes (nerves connected to certain areas of skin)
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Structure, function, and conduction pathways of the brainstem
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Structure and function
Names of cranial nerves, localization of nuclei, and anatomical path of cranial nerves
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Structure of the cerebrum and functional localization of the cerebral cortex (motor cortex, sensory cortex, and language areas)
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Structure of the limbic system and its relationship to mechanisms of memory and learning
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Mechanisms controlling voluntary movements via pyramidal tracts
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Structure and function of the cerebellum
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Fiber connections and function of the basal ganglia (striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra)
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Receptive mechanisms and conduction pathways for pain, temperature, and peripheral and visceral sensation
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Receptive mechanisms and conduction pathways for vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste sensation
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Central localization, peripheral distribution, function and transmitters of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
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Structure and function
Structure and function of the hypothalamus in relation to endocrine and autonomic functions
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Structure and function
Mechanisms of stress response and instinctive/emotional behavior
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Symptoms
Altered mental status
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Symptoms
Seizure
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Symptoms
Vertigo and dizziness
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Symptoms
Confusion and cognitive impairment
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Symptoms
Headache
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Motor paralysis and muscle weakness
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Gait disturbance
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Sensory disturbance
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Aphasia, dysarthria
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Symptoms
Tremor
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Ataxic disorders (cerebellar, vestibular, and sensory)
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Myoclonus, chorea, dystonia, akathisia, athetosis, and tic
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Symptoms
Intracranial hypertension (acute and chronic)
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Symptoms
Exencephaly
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Methods of examination
Diagnostic imaging of brain and spinal cord (computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI))
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Methods of examination
Electrophysiology study of nervous system (electroencephalogram, electromyogram, peripheral nerve conduction studies)
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Specific therapies
Urgent care of cerebrovascular diseases and rehabilitation treatment